Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior
portes grátis
Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior
Hart, Carl; Ksir, Charles
McGraw-Hill Education
10/2017
464
Mole
Inglês
9781259913860
15 a 20 dias
Descrição não disponível.
Chapter 1 Drug Use: An Overview "The Drug Problem" Use is Not Abuse Every Drug Has Multiple Effect Amount Matters Psychoactive Drug Effects Are Powerfully Influenced by the User's History and Expectations Drugs, Per Se, Are Not Good or Bad How Did We Get Here? Drugs and Drug Use Today Extent of Drug Use Populations of Users Trends in Drug Use Correlates of Drug Use Risk and Protective Factors Deviant Drug Use Race, Gender, and Level of Education Personality Variables Genetics Antecedents of Drug Use Gateway Substances Motives for Drug Use Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match? Chapter 2 Drug Use as a Social Problem Land of the Free? Toxicity Categories of Toxicity Drug Abuse Warning Network How Dangerous Is the Drug? Blood-Borne Diseases Substance Dependence: What Is It? Three Basic Processes Changing Views of Addiction Which Is More Important, Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence? Broad Views of Addiction Is Addiction Caused by the Substance? Is Dependence Biological? Is There an "Addictive Personality"? Is Dependence a Family Disorder? Is Substance Dependence a Disease? Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime? Why We Try to Regulate Drugs Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Are You Hooked on an Activity? Check Yourself: What's Your Risk of Drug Toxicity? Chapter 3 Drug Policy The Beginnings Reformism Issues Leading to Legislation 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act Harrison Act of 1914 Two Bureaus, Two Types of Regulation Regulation of Pharmaceuticals Purity Safety Effectiveness Marketing a New Drug Dietary Supplements Controlled Substances After the Harrison Act Narcotic Control Act of 1956 Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 State and Local Regulations Federal Support for Drug Screening Military and Federal Employees Transportation Workers Private Employers Public Schools Testing Methods The Impact of Drug Enforcement Budget International Programs Other Federal Agencies Other Costs Effectiveness of Control Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Consider the Consequences Chapter 4 The Nervous System Homeostasis Components of the Nervous System Neurons Glia Neurotransmission Action Potential The Nervous System(s) Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Central Nervous System The Brain Chemical Pathways Implicated in Reward Structures Drugs and the Brain Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter Examples of Drug Actions Chemical Theories of Behavior Brain Imaging Techniques Structural Imaging Functional Imaging Word of Caution Summary Review Questions References Chapter 5 The Actions of Drugs Sources and Names of Drugs Sources of Drugs Names of Drugs Categories of Drugs Drug Effects Nonspecific (Placebo) Effects Dose-Response Relationships Potency Time-Dependent Factors in Drug Actions Getting the Drug to the Brain A Little "Chemistry" Routes of Administration Transport in the Blood More about the Blood-Brain Barrier Mechanisms of Drug Actions Effects on All Neurons Effects on Specific Neurotransmitter Systems Drug Deactivation Mechanisms of Tolerance and Withdrawal Symptoms Summary Review Questions References Chapter 6 Stimulants Cocaine History Coca Wine Local Anesthesia Early Psychiatric Uses Early Legal Controls on Cocaine Forms of Cocaine Contemporary Legal Controls on Cocaine Mechanism of Action Absorption and Elimination Beneficial Uses Causes for Concern Supplies of Illicit Cocaine Current Patterns of Cocaine Use Amphetamines History Basic Pharmacology Beneficial Uses Causes for Concern Summary Review Questions References Chapter 7 Depressants and Inhalants History and Pharmacology Before Barbiturates Barbiturates Meprobamate Methaqualone Benzodiazepines Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics Mechanism of Action Beneficial Uses Anxiolytics Sleeping Pills Anticonvulsants Causes for Concern Dependence Liability Toxicity Patterns of Abuse Inhalants Gaseous Anesthetics Nitrites Volatile Solvents Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid Summary Review Questions References Chapter 8 Medication for Mental Disorders Mental Disorders The Medical Model Classification of Mental Disorders Treatment of Mental Disorders Before 1950 Antipsychotics Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Antidepressants Electroconvulsive Therapy Mood Stabilizers Consequences of Drug Treatments for Mental Illness Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Track Your Daily Mood Changes Chapter 9 Alcohol Alcoholic Beverages Fermentation and Fermentation Products Distilled Products Beer Wine Distilled Spirits Alcohol Use and "The Alcohol Problem" The Temperance Movement in America Prohibition Prohibition Worked! Prohibition Is Repealed Regulation after 1933 Taxation Who Drinks? And Why? Cultural Influences on Drinking Trends in U.S. Alcohol Consumption Regional Differences in the United States Gender Differences Drinking among College Students Alcohol Pharmacology Absorption Distribution Metabolism Mechanism(s) of Action Behavioral Effects Time-out Driving under the Influence Sexual Behavior Blackouts Crime and Violence Physiological Effects Alcohol Toxicity Alcohol Poisoning Hangover Chronic Disease States Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol Dependence Withdrawal Syndrome Alcohol Use Disorder Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do You Have a Drinking Problem? Chapter 10 Tobacco Tobacco History Early Medical Uses The Spread of Tobacco Use Snuff Tobacco in Early America Chewing Tobacco Cigars Cigarettes Tobacco under Attack The Quest for "Safer" Cigarettes Electronic Cigarettes Tobacco Products and the FDA Current Cigarette Use Smokeless Tobacco Hookahs Causes for Concern Adverse Health Effects Secondhand Smoke Smoking and Health in Other Countries Smoking and Pregnancy Pharmacology of Nicotine Absorption and Metabolism Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Nicotine Dependence How to Stop Smoking Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Test Your Tobacco Awareness Chapter 11 Caffeine Caffeine: The World's Most Common Psychostimulant Coffee Tea Chocolate Other Sources of Caffeine Soft Drinks Energy Drinks Over-the-Counter Drugs Caffeine Pharmacology Time Course Mechanism of Action Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Causes for Concern Cancer Reproductive Effects Heart Disease Caffeinism Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: How Much Caffeine Do You Consume? Chapter 12 Dietary Supplements and Over-the- Counter Drugs Dietary Supplements Some Psychoactive Dietary Supplements Saint John's Wort SAMe Ginkgo biloba Weight-Control Products Over-the-Counter Drugs FDA Regulation of OTC Products Simplifying Labels Over-the-Counter versus Prescription Drugs Behind-the-Counter Drugs? Some Psychoactive OTC Products Stimulants Weight-Control Products Sedatives and Sleep Aids Analgesics People and Pain Aspirin Acetaminophen Ibuprofen and Other NSAIDs Cold and Allergy Products The All-Too-Common Cold Treatment of Cold Symptoms Allergy and Sinus Medications Choosing an OTC Product Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Can You Guess What These OTC Pr oducts Are Used For? Chapter 13 Opioids History of Opioids Opium Morphine Heroin Opioid Abuse before the Harrison Act Abuse after the Harrison Act Abuse of Prescription Opioids Pharmacology of Opioids Chemical Characteristics Mechanism of Action Beneficial Uses Pain Relief Intestinal Disorders Cough Suppressants Causes for Concern Dependence Potential Toxicity Potential Misconceptions and Preconceptions Summary Review Questions References Chapter 14 Psychedelics Animism and Religion Terminology and Types Indoles Catechols N-Methyl-DL-Aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists PCP Anticholinergic Hallucinogens Amanita Muscaria Salvia Divinorum Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Hallucinogens from Plants Chapter 15 Cannabis Cannabis, the Plant Preparations from Cannabis Extracts Edibles History Early History Harry Anslinger's Case against Marijuana The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 After the Marijuana Tax Act Pharmacology Cannabinoid Chemicals Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination Mechanism of Action Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Medical Uses of Cannabis Causes for Concern Abuse and Dependence Toxicity Potential Marijuana and American Society Summary Review Questions References Chapter 16 Performance-Enhancing Drugs Historical Use of Drugs in Athletics Ancient Times Early Use of Stimulants Amphetamines International Drug Testing American Football Steroids The BALCO Scandal The Battle over Testing Stimulants as Performance Enhancers Steroids Psychological Effects of Steroids Adverse Effects on the Body Regulation Other Hormonal Manipulations Beta-2 Agonists Creatine Getting "Cut" Summary Review Questions References Chapter 17 Preventing Substance Abuse Defining Goals and Evaluating Outcomes Types of Prevention Prevention Programs in the Schools The Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior Model Affective Education Antidrug Norms Development of the Social Influence Model DARE Programs That Work Peers, Parents, and the Community Peer Programs Parent and Family Programs Community Programs Prevention in the Workplace What Should We Be Doing? Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match? Chapter 18 Rethinking Drug Policy: What Works, What's Possible, and What's Feasible Impetus for Change Drug Decriminalization Uncommon Strategies to Enhance Public Health and Safety Drug Purity-Testing Heroin-Assisted Treatment Safe Drug Consumption Sites Concluding remarks Summary Review Questions References Appendix A Drug Names Appendix B Resources for Information and Assistance Glossary Photo Credits Index
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Chapter 1 Drug Use: An Overview "The Drug Problem" Use is Not Abuse Every Drug Has Multiple Effect Amount Matters Psychoactive Drug Effects Are Powerfully Influenced by the User's History and Expectations Drugs, Per Se, Are Not Good or Bad How Did We Get Here? Drugs and Drug Use Today Extent of Drug Use Populations of Users Trends in Drug Use Correlates of Drug Use Risk and Protective Factors Deviant Drug Use Race, Gender, and Level of Education Personality Variables Genetics Antecedents of Drug Use Gateway Substances Motives for Drug Use Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match? Chapter 2 Drug Use as a Social Problem Land of the Free? Toxicity Categories of Toxicity Drug Abuse Warning Network How Dangerous Is the Drug? Blood-Borne Diseases Substance Dependence: What Is It? Three Basic Processes Changing Views of Addiction Which Is More Important, Physical Dependence or Psychological Dependence? Broad Views of Addiction Is Addiction Caused by the Substance? Is Dependence Biological? Is There an "Addictive Personality"? Is Dependence a Family Disorder? Is Substance Dependence a Disease? Crime and Violence: Does Drug Use Cause Crime? Why We Try to Regulate Drugs Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Are You Hooked on an Activity? Check Yourself: What's Your Risk of Drug Toxicity? Chapter 3 Drug Policy The Beginnings Reformism Issues Leading to Legislation 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act Harrison Act of 1914 Two Bureaus, Two Types of Regulation Regulation of Pharmaceuticals Purity Safety Effectiveness Marketing a New Drug Dietary Supplements Controlled Substances After the Harrison Act Narcotic Control Act of 1956 Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988 State and Local Regulations Federal Support for Drug Screening Military and Federal Employees Transportation Workers Private Employers Public Schools Testing Methods The Impact of Drug Enforcement Budget International Programs Other Federal Agencies Other Costs Effectiveness of Control Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Consider the Consequences Chapter 4 The Nervous System Homeostasis Components of the Nervous System Neurons Glia Neurotransmission Action Potential The Nervous System(s) Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Central Nervous System The Brain Chemical Pathways Implicated in Reward Structures Drugs and the Brain Life Cycle of a Neurotransmitter Examples of Drug Actions Chemical Theories of Behavior Brain Imaging Techniques Structural Imaging Functional Imaging Word of Caution Summary Review Questions References Chapter 5 The Actions of Drugs Sources and Names of Drugs Sources of Drugs Names of Drugs Categories of Drugs Drug Effects Nonspecific (Placebo) Effects Dose-Response Relationships Potency Time-Dependent Factors in Drug Actions Getting the Drug to the Brain A Little "Chemistry" Routes of Administration Transport in the Blood More about the Blood-Brain Barrier Mechanisms of Drug Actions Effects on All Neurons Effects on Specific Neurotransmitter Systems Drug Deactivation Mechanisms of Tolerance and Withdrawal Symptoms Summary Review Questions References Chapter 6 Stimulants Cocaine History Coca Wine Local Anesthesia Early Psychiatric Uses Early Legal Controls on Cocaine Forms of Cocaine Contemporary Legal Controls on Cocaine Mechanism of Action Absorption and Elimination Beneficial Uses Causes for Concern Supplies of Illicit Cocaine Current Patterns of Cocaine Use Amphetamines History Basic Pharmacology Beneficial Uses Causes for Concern Summary Review Questions References Chapter 7 Depressants and Inhalants History and Pharmacology Before Barbiturates Barbiturates Meprobamate Methaqualone Benzodiazepines Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics Mechanism of Action Beneficial Uses Anxiolytics Sleeping Pills Anticonvulsants Causes for Concern Dependence Liability Toxicity Patterns of Abuse Inhalants Gaseous Anesthetics Nitrites Volatile Solvents Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid Summary Review Questions References Chapter 8 Medication for Mental Disorders Mental Disorders The Medical Model Classification of Mental Disorders Treatment of Mental Disorders Before 1950 Antipsychotics Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Antidepressants Electroconvulsive Therapy Mood Stabilizers Consequences of Drug Treatments for Mental Illness Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Track Your Daily Mood Changes Chapter 9 Alcohol Alcoholic Beverages Fermentation and Fermentation Products Distilled Products Beer Wine Distilled Spirits Alcohol Use and "The Alcohol Problem" The Temperance Movement in America Prohibition Prohibition Worked! Prohibition Is Repealed Regulation after 1933 Taxation Who Drinks? And Why? Cultural Influences on Drinking Trends in U.S. Alcohol Consumption Regional Differences in the United States Gender Differences Drinking among College Students Alcohol Pharmacology Absorption Distribution Metabolism Mechanism(s) of Action Behavioral Effects Time-out Driving under the Influence Sexual Behavior Blackouts Crime and Violence Physiological Effects Alcohol Toxicity Alcohol Poisoning Hangover Chronic Disease States Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol Dependence Withdrawal Syndrome Alcohol Use Disorder Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do You Have a Drinking Problem? Chapter 10 Tobacco Tobacco History Early Medical Uses The Spread of Tobacco Use Snuff Tobacco in Early America Chewing Tobacco Cigars Cigarettes Tobacco under Attack The Quest for "Safer" Cigarettes Electronic Cigarettes Tobacco Products and the FDA Current Cigarette Use Smokeless Tobacco Hookahs Causes for Concern Adverse Health Effects Secondhand Smoke Smoking and Health in Other Countries Smoking and Pregnancy Pharmacology of Nicotine Absorption and Metabolism Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Nicotine Dependence How to Stop Smoking Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Test Your Tobacco Awareness Chapter 11 Caffeine Caffeine: The World's Most Common Psychostimulant Coffee Tea Chocolate Other Sources of Caffeine Soft Drinks Energy Drinks Over-the-Counter Drugs Caffeine Pharmacology Time Course Mechanism of Action Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Causes for Concern Cancer Reproductive Effects Heart Disease Caffeinism Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: How Much Caffeine Do You Consume? Chapter 12 Dietary Supplements and Over-the- Counter Drugs Dietary Supplements Some Psychoactive Dietary Supplements Saint John's Wort SAMe Ginkgo biloba Weight-Control Products Over-the-Counter Drugs FDA Regulation of OTC Products Simplifying Labels Over-the-Counter versus Prescription Drugs Behind-the-Counter Drugs? Some Psychoactive OTC Products Stimulants Weight-Control Products Sedatives and Sleep Aids Analgesics People and Pain Aspirin Acetaminophen Ibuprofen and Other NSAIDs Cold and Allergy Products The All-Too-Common Cold Treatment of Cold Symptoms Allergy and Sinus Medications Choosing an OTC Product Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Can You Guess What These OTC Pr oducts Are Used For? Chapter 13 Opioids History of Opioids Opium Morphine Heroin Opioid Abuse before the Harrison Act Abuse after the Harrison Act Abuse of Prescription Opioids Pharmacology of Opioids Chemical Characteristics Mechanism of Action Beneficial Uses Pain Relief Intestinal Disorders Cough Suppressants Causes for Concern Dependence Potential Toxicity Potential Misconceptions and Preconceptions Summary Review Questions References Chapter 14 Psychedelics Animism and Religion Terminology and Types Indoles Catechols N-Methyl-DL-Aspartate (NMDA) Antagonists PCP Anticholinergic Hallucinogens Amanita Muscaria Salvia Divinorum Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Hallucinogens from Plants Chapter 15 Cannabis Cannabis, the Plant Preparations from Cannabis Extracts Edibles History Early History Harry Anslinger's Case against Marijuana The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 After the Marijuana Tax Act Pharmacology Cannabinoid Chemicals Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination Mechanism of Action Physiological Effects Behavioral Effects Medical Uses of Cannabis Causes for Concern Abuse and Dependence Toxicity Potential Marijuana and American Society Summary Review Questions References Chapter 16 Performance-Enhancing Drugs Historical Use of Drugs in Athletics Ancient Times Early Use of Stimulants Amphetamines International Drug Testing American Football Steroids The BALCO Scandal The Battle over Testing Stimulants as Performance Enhancers Steroids Psychological Effects of Steroids Adverse Effects on the Body Regulation Other Hormonal Manipulations Beta-2 Agonists Creatine Getting "Cut" Summary Review Questions References Chapter 17 Preventing Substance Abuse Defining Goals and Evaluating Outcomes Types of Prevention Prevention Programs in the Schools The Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior Model Affective Education Antidrug Norms Development of the Social Influence Model DARE Programs That Work Peers, Parents, and the Community Peer Programs Parent and Family Programs Community Programs Prevention in the Workplace What Should We Be Doing? Summary Review Questions References Check Yourself: Do Your Goals and Behaviors Match? Chapter 18 Rethinking Drug Policy: What Works, What's Possible, and What's Feasible Impetus for Change Drug Decriminalization Uncommon Strategies to Enhance Public Health and Safety Drug Purity-Testing Heroin-Assisted Treatment Safe Drug Consumption Sites Concluding remarks Summary Review Questions References Appendix A Drug Names Appendix B Resources for Information and Assistance Glossary Photo Credits Index
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